Bagaimana Astagatra Mempengaruhi Arsitektur Tradisional Jawa?

Astagatra, a fundamental concept in Javanese cosmology, plays a crucial role in shaping the architectural landscape of traditional Javanese structures. This intricate system, encompassing eight cardinal directions and their corresponding deities, serves as a guiding principle for the design and orientation of buildings, ensuring harmony between the human realm and the divine. The influence of Astagatra is evident in various aspects of Javanese architecture, from the layout of palaces and temples to the placement of specific elements within the structures.

The Eight Directions and Their Deities

Astagatra is based on the belief that the universe is divided into eight cardinal directions, each associated with a specific deity and its corresponding attributes. These directions are:

* East (Wetan): Represented by the deity Iswara, symbolizing creation and the beginning of life.

* Southeast (Kidul Wetan): Associated with Brahma, the deity of knowledge and wisdom.

* South (Kidul): Represented by Vishnu, the deity of preservation and order.

* Southwest (Kidul Kulon): Associated with Shiva, the deity of destruction and transformation.

* West (Kulon): Represented by Maheswara, the deity of power and authority.

* Northwest (Lor Kulon): Associated with Parwati, the goddess of fertility and prosperity.

* North (Lor): Represented by Ganesha, the deity of wisdom and remover of obstacles.

* Northeast (Lor Wetan): Associated with Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge and art.

Orientation and Layout

The Astagatra system dictates the orientation of Javanese buildings, ensuring that they are aligned with the cardinal directions. This alignment is believed to harmonize the structure with the cosmic forces and promote balance and well-being. For instance, the main entrance of a traditional Javanese house is typically located in the east, facing the rising sun, symbolizing the beginning of a new day and the arrival of positive energy.

Symbolic Elements

The influence of Astagatra is also evident in the placement of specific elements within Javanese structures. For example, the pendopo, a central open pavilion found in many traditional Javanese houses, is often positioned in the center of the building, representing the heart of the home and the connection to the divine. The meru, a pyramidal structure symbolizing Mount Meru, the mythical center of the universe, is often incorporated into the roof design, signifying the connection between the earthly realm and the heavens.

The Role of Astagatra in Javanese Architecture

Astagatra serves as a guiding principle for the design and orientation of Javanese buildings, ensuring harmony between the human realm and the divine. The system's influence is evident in various aspects of Javanese architecture, from the layout of palaces and temples to the placement of specific elements within the structures. By aligning buildings with the cardinal directions and incorporating symbolic elements, Astagatra promotes balance, well-being, and a connection to the cosmic forces.

Conclusion

The Astagatra system is an integral part of Javanese culture and has profoundly influenced the architectural landscape of traditional Javanese structures. By understanding the principles of Astagatra, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the rich symbolism and cultural significance embedded within Javanese architecture. The system's influence extends beyond the physical realm, serving as a reminder of the interconnectedness between humans, nature, and the divine.