Peran Angka Lima dalam Arsitektur Islam: Studi Kasus Masjid Agung Cordoba

The number five holds a profound significance in Islamic architecture, symbolizing the five pillars of Islam and the five daily prayers. This numerical motif is intricately woven into the design of mosques, creating a harmonious balance between the spiritual and the aesthetic. One of the most striking examples of this architectural philosophy is the Great Mosque of Cordoba, a masterpiece of Islamic art and a testament to the enduring influence of the number five.

The Five Pillars of Islam in Architectural Design

The five pillars of Islam – faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage – are the foundational principles of the Islamic faith. These pillars are reflected in the architectural design of mosques, with the number five serving as a recurring motif. For instance, the five daily prayers are represented by the five prayer niches (mihrabs) within the mosque, each facing the direction of Mecca. The five pillars of Islam are also symbolized by the five arches that often adorn the mosque's entrance, signifying the gateway to spiritual enlightenment.

The Five-Fold Symmetry in the Great Mosque of Cordoba

The Great Mosque of Cordoba, built in the 8th century, is a prime example of the use of the number five in Islamic architecture. The mosque's central courtyard, known as the Patio de los Naranjos, is a testament to the five-fold symmetry that permeates the design. The courtyard is surrounded by four arcades, each with five arches, creating a harmonious balance and a sense of order. The five-fold symmetry is further emphasized by the five rows of columns that support the arcades, creating a rhythmic pattern that guides the eye towards the center of the courtyard.

The Five-Pointed Star as a Symbol of Unity

The five-pointed star, a geometric shape derived from the pentagon, is another prominent symbol in Islamic architecture. The star represents the unity of God and the five pillars of Islam. In the Great Mosque of Cordoba, the five-pointed star is incorporated into the intricate patterns of the mosaics and the decorative elements of the arches. The star's presence adds a layer of symbolism to the mosque's design, reminding visitors of the interconnectedness of faith and the divine.

The Five-Fold Pattern in the Mosque's Interior

The number five is also evident in the mosque's interior design. The prayer hall, the heart of the mosque, is divided into five naves, each with a distinct architectural style. The five naves are separated by rows of columns, creating a sense of space and grandeur. The five-fold pattern is further emphasized by the five rows of arches that support the ceiling, creating a rhythmic pattern that guides the eye towards the qibla wall, the direction of Mecca.

The Enduring Legacy of the Number Five

The use of the number five in Islamic architecture is not merely a decorative element but a profound expression of faith and belief. The number five symbolizes the five pillars of Islam, the five daily prayers, and the unity of God. The Great Mosque of Cordoba, with its intricate design and symbolic motifs, stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of the number five in Islamic architecture. The mosque's architectural elements, from the five-fold symmetry of the courtyard to the five-pointed stars in the mosaics, serve as a reminder of the profound spiritual significance of the number five in Islamic culture.