Sistem Politik dan Pemerintahan di Kerajaan Kediri

The Kingdom of Kediri, a prominent Javanese kingdom that flourished between the 11th and 13th centuries, left an indelible mark on Indonesian history. Its legacy extends beyond its artistic and literary achievements, encompassing a sophisticated political system and a well-defined structure of governance. This article delves into the intricate workings of the Kediri political system, exploring its key institutions, power dynamics, and the role of the king in shaping the kingdom's destiny.

The King: The Apex of Power

At the heart of the Kediri political system stood the king, the ultimate authority and the embodiment of the kingdom's power. He was not merely a ruler but a divine figure, believed to be descended from the gods and entrusted with the sacred duty of maintaining order and prosperity. The king's power was absolute, encompassing all aspects of governance, from lawmaking and administration to military affairs and religious matters. He was assisted by a council of advisors, known as the "mantri," who provided counsel and helped him in decision-making.

The Role of the Mantri

The "mantri" played a crucial role in the Kediri political system, acting as the king's trusted advisors and representatives. They were drawn from the ranks of the nobility, scholars, and religious leaders, each bringing their expertise to the council. The "mantri" were responsible for overseeing various aspects of governance, including the administration of justice, the collection of taxes, and the maintenance of public order. Their advice was highly valued by the king, and their influence extended beyond the council chamber, shaping the kingdom's policies and decisions.

The Importance of Religion

Religion played a pivotal role in the Kediri political system, providing legitimacy to the king's rule and shaping the kingdom's social and cultural fabric. The king was considered the protector of the faith, and his authority was derived from his divine mandate. The kingdom's official religion was Hinduism, and the king was expected to uphold its principles and rituals. The temples and priests held significant influence, acting as centers of learning and religious authority. The king's close relationship with the religious establishment ensured the stability and legitimacy of his rule.

The Structure of Governance

The Kediri kingdom was divided into administrative units, each headed by a local official known as the "patih." The "patih" were responsible for maintaining order, collecting taxes, and administering justice within their respective jurisdictions. They reported directly to the king, ensuring that his authority extended throughout the kingdom. This hierarchical structure of governance allowed for efficient administration and the effective implementation of the king's policies.

The Legacy of Kediri

The Kediri political system, with its emphasis on the king's divine authority, the role of the "mantri," and the influence of religion, left a lasting impact on Javanese political thought and practice. It provided a model for subsequent Javanese kingdoms, shaping their governance structures and power dynamics. The Kediri kingdom's legacy continues to resonate in modern Indonesia, reminding us of the complex and sophisticated political systems that existed in the archipelago's past.

The Kediri political system was a complex and well-defined structure, with the king at its apex, supported by a council of advisors and a hierarchical administrative framework. Religion played a crucial role in legitimizing the king's rule and shaping the kingdom's social and cultural fabric. The Kediri kingdom's legacy continues to influence Javanese political thought and practice, highlighting the enduring impact of its sophisticated governance system.