AS

Understanding AS

AS, or Ankylosing Spondylitis, is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine. It is a chronic inflammatory disease that can cause some of the vertebrae in your spine to fuse together. This fusing makes the spine less flexible and can result in a hunched-forward posture. If ribs are affected, it can be difficult to breathe deeply. AS affects men more often than women and symptoms typically start in early adulthood.

The Causes of AS

The exact cause of AS is unknown, but genetics seem to play a significant role. Most people with AS have a gene that produces a "genetic marker" - in this case, a protein - called HLA-B27. However, not everyone who has this marker develops AS. It is believed that other factors, such as a bacterial infection, could trigger AS in people who have the HLA-B27 marker.

Symptoms of AS

The most common early symptoms of AS are frequent pain and stiffness in the lower back and buttocks, which comes on gradually over the course of a few weeks or months. At first, discomfort may only be felt on one side or alternate sides. The pain is usually dull and diffuse, rather than localized. Other symptoms may include fatigue, weight loss, and mild fever. As the disease progresses, symptoms may move from the lower back and buttock to the upper spine, neck, and other joints.

Diagnosing AS

Diagnosing AS can be challenging because its symptoms are similar to those of other types of arthritis. Your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and personal and family medical history. Imaging tests, such as X-rays and MRI scans, can reveal changes in your spine and sacroiliac joints, and blood tests can check for markers of inflammation.

Treatment Options for AS

There is currently no cure for AS, but treatments can lessen your symptoms and potentially slow progression of the disease. Physical therapy can help improve your posture and breathing, and maintain or improve flexibility. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help control pain and inflammation. In more severe cases, your doctor might suggest surgery to repair severely damaged joints or correct severe spinal deformities.

In conclusion, AS is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine, causing pain and stiffness. While the exact cause is unknown, genetics seem to play a significant role. Symptoms can be managed with physical therapy and medications, and in severe cases, surgery may be necessary. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider if you're experiencing symptoms of AS, as early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the condition and maintain quality of life.