Tayammum dalam Perspektif Fiqih: Kajian atas Dalil dan Pendapat Ulama

Tayammum, a purification ritual in Islam, holds significant importance in situations where water is unavailable or its use is prohibited. This article delves into the intricacies of tayammum from a fiqh perspective, examining the relevant Quranic verses and hadiths, as well as the diverse opinions of Islamic scholars. By understanding the underlying principles and interpretations, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the wisdom and practicality of this Islamic practice.

The Quranic Basis of Tayammum

The Quranic verses pertaining to tayammum provide the foundational basis for this purification ritual. In Surah Al-Maidah, verse 6, Allah (SWT) states: "And if you are ill or on a journey, or one of you comes from the toilet, or you have touched women, and you find no water, then perform tayammum with clean earth and rub your faces and your hands with it." This verse clearly outlines the circumstances under which tayammum is permissible, emphasizing the importance of purification even when water is scarce.

The Prophetic Tradition and Tayammum

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) exemplified the practice of tayammum, providing further guidance through his actions and teachings. Numerous hadiths narrate instances where the Prophet (PBUH) performed tayammum, demonstrating its validity and practicality. For example, a hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah (RA) states that the Prophet (PBUH) once performed tayammum with dust when he was unable to find water. These hadiths serve as crucial sources of guidance for Muslims seeking to understand the proper method and application of tayammum.

Divergent Opinions Among Scholars

While the Quran and Sunnah provide the fundamental framework for tayammum, Islamic scholars have differed in their interpretations and rulings on certain aspects of this practice. For instance, there are varying opinions regarding the type of earth suitable for tayammum, the specific actions involved in the ritual, and the duration of its validity. These differences stem from the diverse methodologies and interpretations employed by different schools of thought within Islamic jurisprudence.

The Practicality of Tayammum

Tayammum serves as a practical solution to the challenges posed by water scarcity or its unavailability. It allows Muslims to maintain their ritual purity and perform their religious obligations even in difficult circumstances. This practicality is evident in the Quranic verse mentioned earlier, which explicitly permits tayammum during travel, illness, or when water is scarce.

Conclusion

Tayammum, as a purification ritual in Islam, holds significant importance in situations where water is unavailable or its use is prohibited. The Quranic verses and hadiths provide the foundational basis for this practice, while the diverse opinions of Islamic scholars offer valuable insights into its nuances. By understanding the underlying principles and interpretations, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the wisdom and practicality of tayammum, recognizing its role in ensuring the continuity of Islamic rituals even in challenging circumstances.