Analisis Kritik Sosial dalam Novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Karya Ahmad Tohari

The novel *Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk* by Ahmad Tohari is a poignant and powerful exploration of social realities in rural Indonesia. Through the lens of Srintil, a young woman who becomes a *ronggeng* (traditional dancer), Tohari unveils the complexities of societal norms, gender roles, and the struggle for individual freedom. This novel is not merely a narrative of a woman's life; it is a profound critique of social structures that perpetuate inequality and stifle individual aspirations.

The Power of Tradition and its Constraints

*Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk* is set in a traditional Javanese village where customs and traditions hold immense sway. The village is governed by a rigid social hierarchy, where men dominate and women are expected to conform to prescribed roles. Srintil's life is shaped by these traditions, particularly the *ronggeng* tradition, which is both a source of pride and a symbol of societal constraints. While the *ronggeng* is revered for her artistry and grace, she is also seen as a symbol of sensuality and temptation, a perception that ultimately leads to her downfall. The novel highlights the double standards imposed on women, where their sexuality is both celebrated and condemned, ultimately limiting their agency and freedom.

The Struggle for Individuality

Srintil's journey is marked by a constant struggle to assert her individuality within the confines of tradition. She is drawn to the allure of the *ronggeng* life, but she also yearns for a life beyond the expectations imposed upon her. Her relationship with Rasus, a young man from a neighboring village, represents her desire for love and freedom. However, their love is thwarted by societal norms and the rigid social hierarchy that separates them. Srintil's ultimate fate, tragically, is a testament to the power of tradition and the limitations it imposes on individual aspirations.

The Critique of Social Hierarchy

Tohari's novel is a scathing critique of the social hierarchy that permeates Javanese society. The novel exposes the power dynamics that favor men and marginalize women. The village elders, who hold positions of authority, are portrayed as patriarchal figures who uphold the status quo and suppress dissent. The novel also highlights the economic disparities that exist within the village, where the wealthy landowners exploit the labor of the poor. This critique of social hierarchy is not limited to gender; it extends to class and power dynamics, exposing the systemic inequalities that plague rural communities.

The Power of Art and Resistance

Despite the oppressive social structures, *Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk* also celebrates the power of art and resistance. Srintil's *ronggeng* performances are not merely entertainment; they are acts of defiance and a form of social commentary. Through her dance, she expresses her emotions, her frustrations, and her longing for freedom. The novel suggests that art can be a powerful tool for challenging societal norms and promoting social change.

The Legacy of *Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk*

*Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk* remains a powerful and relevant work of literature that continues to resonate with readers today. The novel's exploration of social realities, gender roles, and the struggle for individual freedom is as pertinent now as it was when it was first published. Tohari's masterful storytelling and his insightful critique of social structures make this novel a timeless masterpiece that continues to inspire and provoke thought. The novel serves as a reminder of the importance of challenging societal norms and fighting for individual freedom and equality.