Rezim Orde Baru dan Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia: Sebuah Tinjauan Historis

The New Order regime in Indonesia, spanning from 1966 to 1998, was a period marked by significant political and social changes. While the regime brought about economic stability and development, it also witnessed a dark side characterized by widespread human rights violations. This essay delves into the historical context of the New Order regime and examines the systematic violations of human rights that occurred during this era.

The Rise of the New Order Regime

The New Order regime emerged following the tumultuous period of the 1965 Indonesian coup attempt. The coup, which was blamed on the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), led to a wave of anti-communist sentiment and a crackdown on perceived communist sympathizers. General Suharto, who had played a key role in suppressing the coup, seized power and established the New Order regime. The regime's ideology was based on the principles of Pancasila, a five-point philosophy that emphasized national unity, social justice, and religious tolerance. However, in practice, the regime's authoritarian tendencies and its focus on economic development often overshadowed these ideals.

Human Rights Violations under the New Order Regime

The New Order regime's commitment to stability and economic growth came at a heavy price for human rights. The regime's security apparatus, known as the "Dwi Fungsi ABRI" (Dual Function of the Armed Forces), played a significant role in suppressing dissent and maintaining order. This resulted in widespread human rights violations, including arbitrary arrests, torture, extrajudicial killings, and enforced disappearances. The regime's crackdown on political opponents, including students, activists, and journalists, was particularly severe. The 1978 Malari incident, a student protest against rising prices, serves as a stark example of the regime's brutal response to dissent.

The Role of the Military in Human Rights Violations

The Indonesian military, under the New Order regime, was deeply involved in human rights violations. The military's dual function, which allowed it to play a role in both security and development, provided a cover for its abuses. The military's control over the police and intelligence agencies enabled it to operate with impunity. The regime's use of the military to suppress dissent and maintain order created a climate of fear and intimidation, making it difficult for individuals to speak out against human rights abuses.

The Legacy of Human Rights Violations

The legacy of human rights violations under the New Order regime continues to haunt Indonesia. The regime's systematic abuses left a deep scar on Indonesian society, and the families of victims continue to seek justice and accountability. The transition to democracy in 1998 brought about a new era of human rights protection, but the past remains a reminder of the dangers of authoritarianism and the importance of upholding human rights.

The New Order regime in Indonesia was a period marked by both progress and repression. While the regime achieved economic growth and stability, it also committed widespread human rights violations. The regime's authoritarian tendencies, its reliance on the military, and its suppression of dissent created a climate of fear and impunity. The legacy of these abuses continues to affect Indonesian society, highlighting the importance of upholding human rights and ensuring that such violations never happen again.