Tato dan Status Najis Mutawasitah: Perspektif Hukum Islam

The concept of *najis* (impurity) in Islamic jurisprudence plays a crucial role in maintaining purity and hygiene in daily life. Among the various categories of *najis*, *najis mutawasitah* (medium impurity) holds a significant position, particularly in relation to *tato* (tattoo). This article delves into the Islamic legal perspective on *tato* and its status as *najis mutawasitah*, exploring the relevant Islamic sources and scholarly opinions.

The Concept of *Najis Mutawasitah*

*Najis mutawasitah* refers to a substance or object that is considered impure in Islam but does not necessitate immediate purification. It is a category of impurity that is less severe than *najis mughallazah* (heavy impurity), such as urine or feces, but more severe than *najis khafifah* (light impurity), such as dust or dirt. The primary characteristic of *najis mutawasitah* is that it requires purification through washing with water.

*Tato* and Its Status as *Najis Mutawasitah*

The issue of *tato* and its status as *najis mutawasitah* has been a subject of debate among Islamic scholars. The primary argument for considering *tato* as *najis mutawasitah* stems from the fact that it involves the introduction of foreign substances into the body, which are considered impure. This argument is supported by the hadith narrated by Imam Muslim, where the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) stated that "Whoever makes a tattoo is cursed." This hadith, while not explicitly stating the impurity of *tato*, suggests its negative implications and potential for impurity.

Scholarly Opinions on *Tato* and *Najis Mutawasitah*

There are differing opinions among Islamic scholars regarding the status of *tato* as *najis mutawasitah*. Some scholars, based on the hadith mentioned above and the general principle of avoiding impurity, consider *tato* to be *najis mutawasitah*. They argue that the introduction of foreign substances into the body, even if they are not inherently impure, can lead to a state of impurity.

Other scholars, however, argue that *tato* is not inherently impure and that the hadith should be interpreted in a broader context, focusing on the social and cultural implications of *tato* rather than its physical impurity. They contend that the hadith's condemnation of *tato* is related to its association with pagan practices and its potential for vanity and self-adoration.

Practical Implications of *Tato* and *Najis Mutawasitah*

The practical implications of considering *tato* as *najis mutawasitah* are significant. If *tato* is considered impure, then it would necessitate purification through washing with water. This would apply to both the area where the *tato* is applied and any objects that come into contact with it. However, the practical application of this ruling is subject to interpretation and may vary depending on the specific circumstances and the individual's understanding of Islamic jurisprudence.

Conclusion

The issue of *tato* and its status as *najis mutawasitah* remains a complex and debated topic in Islamic jurisprudence. While there is no definitive consensus among scholars, the arguments presented in this article provide a comprehensive overview of the relevant Islamic sources and scholarly opinions. Ultimately, the interpretation and application of this ruling are subject to individual understanding and the guidance of qualified Islamic scholars.