Konsep Keadilan dalam Surat An-Nisa: Sebuah Tinjauan Komparatif

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The concept of justice, or *keadilan* in Arabic, is a fundamental principle in Islam, deeply embedded in its teachings and enshrined in the Quran. The Quran, as the divine revelation to Prophet Muhammad, provides comprehensive guidance on various aspects of life, including the establishment of a just society. Among the many verses that address justice, Surat An-Nisa stands out as a pivotal chapter that delves into the intricacies of *keadilan* in various contexts. This article aims to provide a comparative analysis of the concept of *keadilan* as presented in Surat An-Nisa, exploring its multifaceted dimensions and highlighting its relevance in contemporary society.

The Foundation of Justice in Surat An-Nisa

Surat An-Nisa, meaning "The Women," is the fourth chapter of the Quran, and it begins with a powerful declaration of God's justice: "O you who believe! Stand out firmly for justice, as witnesses to Allah, even if it be against yourselves, your parents, or your kin, and whether it be against rich or poor: for Allah is nearer to you than they. So follow not the lusts (of your hearts), lest you swerve, and if you distort (justice) or turn away, then verily Allah is aware of all that you do." (An-Nisa: 135). This verse establishes the core principle of *keadilan* in Islam, emphasizing its universality and demanding that it be upheld regardless of personal affiliations or social status. It underscores the importance of impartiality and fairness in all matters, even when it goes against one's own interests.

Justice in Family Relationships

Surat An-Nisa also addresses the concept of *keadilan* within the context of family relationships. It emphasizes the importance of treating all children equally, regardless of their gender. "And do not kill your children for fear of poverty; We provide for them and for you. Indeed, their killing is a great sin." (An-Nisa: 15). This verse condemns the practice of female infanticide, which was prevalent in pre-Islamic Arabia, and highlights the inherent value of all human life. It also emphasizes the responsibility of parents to provide for their children, regardless of their financial circumstances.

Justice in Inheritance

Another crucial aspect of *keadilan* discussed in Surat An-Nisa is inheritance. The chapter outlines specific guidelines for the distribution of inheritance among family members, ensuring that each individual receives their rightful share. "For men is a share of what the parents and near kindred leave, and for women is a share of what the parents and near kindred leave, whether it be little or much - a determined share." (An-Nisa: 7). This verse emphasizes the importance of fairness and equity in inheritance, ensuring that women are not deprived of their rightful share.

Justice in Social Interactions

Surat An-Nisa also addresses the concept of *keadilan* in social interactions. It prohibits discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or social status. "O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know each other (not that you may despise each other). Verily the most honored of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you. And Allah has full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things)." (An-Nisa: 13). This verse emphasizes the inherent equality of all human beings, regardless of their background or social standing. It calls for mutual respect and understanding among different communities, promoting a just and harmonious society.

Conclusion

Surat An-Nisa provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the concept of *keadilan* in Islam. It emphasizes the importance of impartiality, fairness, and equity in all aspects of life, from family relationships to social interactions. The chapter's teachings on *keadilan* remain relevant in contemporary society, serving as a guiding principle for individuals and communities striving to create a just and equitable world. By upholding the principles of *keadilan* as outlined in Surat An-Nisa, we can work towards a society where everyone is treated with respect and dignity, regardless of their background or circumstances.