Sistem Pemerintahan Majapahit di Bawah Raja Hayam Wuruk

The reign of Hayam Wuruk, the fifth king of the Majapahit Empire, marked a golden age in Javanese history. During his rule, the empire reached its zenith, expanding its influence across the archipelago and establishing a sophisticated system of governance. This period witnessed a flourishing of art, literature, and trade, solidifying Majapahit's position as a regional power. This article delves into the intricate workings of the Majapahit government under Hayam Wuruk, exploring the key institutions, administrative structures, and principles that shaped this remarkable era.

The Role of the King and the Royal Court

At the heart of the Majapahit government lay the king, who held absolute power and authority. Hayam Wuruk, known for his wisdom and charisma, was revered as a divine figure, embodying the sacred power of the state. The king's court, a complex network of advisors, officials, and dignitaries, played a crucial role in assisting the monarch in governing the empire. The court was divided into various departments, each responsible for specific functions, such as finance, justice, and military affairs. The king's trusted advisors, known as "mantri," provided counsel and guidance on matters of state, ensuring the smooth functioning of the government.

The Importance of the Council of Ministers

The Majapahit government was not solely reliant on the king's absolute authority. A council of ministers, known as the "Rakyat," played a significant role in decision-making and policy formulation. This council comprised representatives from various regions and social groups, ensuring a degree of inclusivity and consensus in governance. The Rakyat advised the king on matters of war, peace, and internal administration, contributing to the stability and prosperity of the empire.

The Regional Administration and the Role of the "Pati"

The vast expanse of the Majapahit Empire required a decentralized system of administration. The empire was divided into various provinces, each governed by a "Pati," a high-ranking official appointed by the king. The Pati were responsible for maintaining law and order, collecting taxes, and ensuring the smooth functioning of their respective regions. They acted as the king's representatives, upholding his authority and ensuring the empire's stability.

The Role of Religion and Culture in Governance

Religion and culture played a significant role in shaping the Majapahit government. Hinduism, the dominant religion of the time, provided a framework for social order and moral values. The king was seen as a divine ruler, embodying the principles of dharma and righteousness. The court and the government were infused with religious rituals and ceremonies, reinforcing the legitimacy of the king and the empire.

The Legacy of the Majapahit Government

The Majapahit government under Hayam Wuruk was a testament to the ingenuity and administrative prowess of the Javanese people. The system of governance, characterized by a balance of centralized authority and regional autonomy, ensured the stability and prosperity of the empire for over a century. The legacy of the Majapahit government continues to inspire scholars and historians, providing valuable insights into the complexities of ancient Javanese society and the enduring power of effective governance.