Peran Agama dalam Menjaga Kelestarian Alam: Studi Kasus Suku Tengger

The intricate relationship between humanity and nature has been a subject of profound contemplation for centuries. While modern society often views nature as a resource to be exploited, many indigenous communities around the world have developed a deep reverence for the natural world, integrating it into their cultural and spiritual practices. One such community is the Tengger people of East Java, Indonesia, whose unique relationship with Mount Bromo, a majestic volcano, exemplifies the profound role religion can play in safeguarding the environment. This article delves into the Tengger people's beliefs and practices, showcasing how their faith serves as a powerful force in preserving the ecological integrity of their ancestral land.

The Sacred Mountain: A Source of Life and Spirituality

The Tengger people's connection to Mount Bromo is deeply intertwined with their religious beliefs. They consider the volcano a sacred entity, a manifestation of the divine, and a source of life. The mountain's fertile slopes provide sustenance through agriculture, while its volcanic ash enriches the soil, contributing to the region's unique biodiversity. The Tengger people believe that the spirits of their ancestors reside within the mountain, and they perform rituals and offerings to appease them, seeking blessings for their well-being and prosperity. This profound reverence for Mount Bromo extends beyond mere superstition; it fosters a deep sense of responsibility towards the environment.

Rituals and Offerings: A Symbiotic Relationship with Nature

The Tengger people's religious practices are intricately woven into their daily lives and their relationship with the natural world. The most prominent ritual is the Yadnya Kasada, a ceremony held every year on the 14th day of the 12th month of the Tengger calendar. During this festival, the Tengger people offer sacrifices to the gods, including fruits, vegetables, livestock, and even money, which are thrown into the crater of Mount Bromo. This act of offering is not merely a symbolic gesture; it represents a profound understanding of the interconnectedness between humanity and nature. The Tengger people believe that by offering gifts to the mountain, they are acknowledging their dependence on its bounty and seeking its continued favor.

The Power of Belief: A Catalyst for Environmental Conservation

The Tengger people's belief system serves as a powerful catalyst for environmental conservation. Their reverence for Mount Bromo translates into a strong sense of responsibility for its well-being. They understand that the mountain's health is directly linked to their own prosperity, and they actively participate in protecting its natural resources. This includes practices such as sustainable farming methods, responsible forest management, and the preservation of sacred sites. The Tengger people's commitment to environmental conservation is not driven by external regulations or economic incentives but by a deep-seated spiritual connection to their ancestral land.

A Legacy of Sustainability: Lessons for the Modern World

The Tengger people's story offers valuable lessons for the modern world. Their example demonstrates that religion can be a powerful force for environmental conservation, fostering a sense of responsibility and stewardship towards the natural world. Their practices highlight the importance of integrating spiritual values into environmental decision-making, recognizing the interconnectedness between humanity and nature. As the world grapples with the challenges of climate change and environmental degradation, the Tengger people's legacy of sustainability serves as a reminder that a harmonious relationship with nature is not only possible but essential for the well-being of both humanity and the planet.