Pakaian Sunda di Masa Kolonial: Adaptasi dan Perlawanan

The arrival of the Dutch colonial regime in the 17th century marked a significant turning point in the history of Sundanese society, including its sartorial traditions. While the Dutch sought to impose their own cultural norms and practices, the Sundanese people, known for their resilience and adaptability, responded with a complex interplay of assimilation and resistance, particularly in the realm of clothing. This essay delves into the fascinating evolution of Sundanese attire during the colonial era, exploring how the Sundanese people navigated the pressures of assimilation while simultaneously preserving their cultural identity through subtle acts of defiance.

The Influence of Dutch Fashion

The Dutch colonial presence brought with it a wave of Western fashion trends, which gradually seeped into Sundanese society. European clothing styles, particularly those associated with the upper classes, became increasingly visible in urban centers. The adoption of Western attire was often seen as a sign of modernity, sophistication, and social mobility. Sundanese elites, seeking to align themselves with the colonial power structure, embraced European fashion, adopting suits, dresses, and other garments that symbolized their newfound status. This trend was particularly evident in the realm of formal wear, where traditional Sundanese attire was often replaced by Western equivalents.

The Persistence of Traditional Sundanese Attire

Despite the influence of Western fashion, traditional Sundanese attire remained deeply ingrained in the cultural fabric of the society. The iconic "kain panjang" (long cloth), "baju bodo" (traditional blouse), and "iket" (head scarf) continued to be worn by many Sundanese people, particularly in rural areas and during traditional ceremonies. These garments held significant cultural and symbolic value, representing the continuity of Sundanese identity and traditions. The persistence of traditional attire served as a subtle form of resistance against the homogenizing forces of colonialism.

The Art of Adaptation: Blending Tradition and Modernity

The Sundanese people, known for their ingenuity and adaptability, found ways to blend traditional attire with elements of Western fashion. This process of adaptation resulted in the emergence of hybrid garments that reflected the changing social landscape. For instance, the "baju bodo" was often modified with European-inspired embellishments, such as lace or embroidery. Similarly, the "kain panjang" was sometimes worn with Western-style blouses or shirts. This creative fusion of styles allowed the Sundanese people to express their cultural identity while acknowledging the influence of Western fashion.

The Symbolic Power of Clothing

Clothing played a crucial role in shaping social identities and power dynamics during the colonial era. The adoption of Western attire by Sundanese elites served as a means of asserting their social status and aligning themselves with the colonial power structure. Conversely, the persistence of traditional Sundanese attire among the common people served as a symbol of resistance and cultural continuity. The choice of clothing became a powerful tool for expressing social and political affiliations, reflecting the complex interplay of assimilation and resistance that characterized Sundanese society during the colonial period.

Conclusion

The colonial era witnessed a fascinating transformation in Sundanese attire, marked by a delicate balance between assimilation and resistance. While the influence of Western fashion was undeniable, the Sundanese people skillfully adapted and blended these new trends with their own traditional garments, preserving their cultural identity in the face of colonial pressures. The persistence of traditional attire, alongside the emergence of hybrid garments, serves as a testament to the resilience and adaptability of Sundanese culture, demonstrating how clothing can become a powerful symbol of both cultural continuity and social change.