Perbandingan Teks Iqomah dalam Berbagai Mazhab Islam

The call to prayer, or *adhan*, is a fundamental pillar of Islamic practice, marking the beginning of each prayer time. Following the *adhan*, a shorter call known as the *iqomah* is recited, signaling the commencement of the prayer itself. While the *adhan* is universally recognized and recited in a standardized manner, the *iqomah* exhibits variations across different Islamic schools of thought, or *madhhabs*. This article delves into the nuances of the *iqomah* recitation in various *madhhabs*, highlighting the key differences and similarities that shape this integral part of Islamic ritual.

The *Iqomah* in the Hanafi *Madhhab*

The Hanafi *madhhab*, one of the four major Sunni schools of jurisprudence, prescribes a specific format for the *iqomah*. The recitation begins with the phrase "As-salatu jamia'ah" (Prayer is in congregation), followed by the same verses as the *adhan*, but with the addition of the phrase "Hayya 'ala al-falah" (Come to success) after the first *hayya 'ala as-salat* (Come to prayer). The *iqomah* in the Hanafi *madhhab* concludes with the phrase "Qad qamat as-salat" (Prayer has been established). This format emphasizes the importance of congregational prayer and the urgency of joining the prayer.

The *Iqomah* in the Shafi'i *Madhhab*

The Shafi'i *madhhab*, another prominent Sunni school of thought, shares a similar structure for the *iqomah* with the Hanafi *madhhab*. However, the Shafi'i *madhhab* omits the phrase "Hayya 'ala al-falah" after the first *hayya 'ala as-salat*. This omission reflects a subtle difference in emphasis, focusing primarily on the call to prayer itself rather than the added benefit of congregational prayer. The Shafi'i *iqomah* also concludes with the phrase "Qad qamat as-salat," signifying the establishment of the prayer.

The *Iqomah* in the Maliki *Madhhab*

The Maliki *madhhab*, known for its emphasis on local customs and traditions, presents a unique approach to the *iqomah*. While the core verses remain the same, the Maliki *madhhab* includes the phrase "Hayya 'ala al-falah" after both instances of *hayya 'ala as-salat*. This inclusion underscores the importance of seeking success in both this life and the hereafter, aligning with the Maliki *madhhab's* focus on practical application of Islamic principles. The Maliki *iqomah* concludes with the phrase "Qad qamat as-salat," similar to the Hanafi and Shafi'i *madhhabs*.

The *Iqomah* in the Hanbali *Madhhab*

The Hanbali *madhhab*, known for its strict adherence to the teachings of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, follows a format for the *iqomah* that closely resembles the Shafi'i *madhhab*. The Hanbali *iqomah* omits the phrase "Hayya 'ala al-falah" after the first *hayya 'ala as-salat*, focusing primarily on the call to prayer. The Hanbali *madhhab* also concludes the *iqomah* with the phrase "Qad qamat as-salat," emphasizing the establishment of the prayer.

The *Iqomah* in Shia Islam

Shia Islam, while sharing many commonalities with Sunni Islam, exhibits distinct practices in certain aspects of worship. The *iqomah* in Shia Islam follows a similar structure to the Sunni *madhhabs*, with the inclusion of the phrase "Hayya 'ala al-falah" after the first *hayya 'ala as-salat*. However, Shia Islam often includes additional supplications and prayers after the core verses of the *iqomah*, reflecting their unique theological perspectives.

The variations in the *iqomah* recitation across different *madhhabs* highlight the diversity within Islamic practice. While the core verses remain consistent, the inclusion or omission of specific phrases reflects the nuances of each school of thought's interpretation and emphasis. These differences, however, do not diminish the shared purpose of the *iqomah*: to signal the commencement of prayer and to remind Muslims of the importance of this fundamental act of worship. The *iqomah*, in its diverse forms, serves as a powerful reminder of the unity of the Muslim community while acknowledging the richness and diversity of Islamic thought.