Dampak Alih Fungsi Lahan terhadap Populasi Harimau Sumatera: Studi Kasus di Provinsi Riau

The majestic Sumatran tiger, a critically endangered species, faces a multitude of threats, with habitat loss being a primary concern. The conversion of forests into other land uses, a phenomenon known as land-use change, has significantly impacted the tiger's population, particularly in the province of Riau, Indonesia. This article delves into the intricate relationship between land-use change and the decline of the Sumatran tiger population in Riau, highlighting the devastating consequences of human activities on this iconic species.

The Impact of Land-Use Change on Sumatran Tiger Habitat

The province of Riau, located on the island of Sumatra, is home to a significant portion of the remaining Sumatran tiger population. However, the region has witnessed a dramatic shift in land use over the past few decades. The conversion of forests into plantations, primarily for palm oil and pulpwood, has resulted in the fragmentation and degradation of tiger habitat. This loss of habitat has directly impacted the Sumatran tiger population, leading to a decline in their numbers and a reduction in their genetic diversity.

The conversion of forests into plantations not only reduces the available habitat for tigers but also disrupts their natural prey base. Tigers rely on a diverse range of prey species, including deer, wild pigs, and other mammals, which are also affected by habitat loss. The decline in prey populations further exacerbates the challenges faced by tigers, forcing them to venture into areas with higher human activity, increasing the risk of conflict with humans.

The Role of Human Activities in Land-Use Change

The conversion of forests into plantations is driven by a complex interplay of economic, social, and political factors. The demand for palm oil and pulpwood has fueled the expansion of plantations, often at the expense of forests. Government policies, including land-use regulations and incentives for plantation development, have also played a role in driving land-use change.

The expansion of plantations has often been accompanied by illegal logging and land clearing, further exacerbating the loss of tiger habitat. The lack of effective law enforcement and the presence of corruption have allowed these illegal activities to persist, contributing to the decline of the Sumatran tiger population.

Conservation Efforts and Challenges

Recognizing the critical threat posed by land-use change, various conservation efforts have been implemented to protect the Sumatran tiger and its habitat. These efforts include the establishment of protected areas, the development of sustainable land-use practices, and the promotion of community-based conservation initiatives.

However, these efforts face significant challenges. The lack of adequate funding, the limited capacity of conservation organizations, and the ongoing pressure from economic development continue to hinder conservation efforts. The need for a comprehensive and integrated approach that addresses the underlying drivers of land-use change is crucial for the long-term survival of the Sumatran tiger.

Conclusion

The conversion of forests into plantations has had a devastating impact on the Sumatran tiger population in Riau. The loss of habitat, the decline in prey populations, and the increased risk of conflict with humans have all contributed to the species' decline. While conservation efforts are underway, the challenges remain significant. Addressing the underlying drivers of land-use change, including economic pressures, government policies, and illegal activities, is essential for the long-term survival of the Sumatran tiger. The future of this iconic species hinges on a concerted effort to protect its habitat and ensure its continued existence in the wild.