Kritik Sosial dan Moral dalam Novel 'Robohnya Surau Kami': Sebuah Kajian Literatur

The novel "Robohnya Surau Kami" by A.A. Navis is a poignant and powerful exploration of the social and moral decay that plagued Indonesian society in the early 20th century. Through the lens of a traditional Minangkabau village, Navis masterfully portrays the clash between tradition and modernity, highlighting the devastating consequences of societal shifts on individual lives and the fabric of community. This essay delves into the social and moral critique embedded within the novel, analyzing how Navis uses literary techniques to expose the vulnerabilities and hypocrisies of his time.

The Erosion of Traditional Values

The novel's central theme revolves around the disintegration of traditional values and the rise of individualism. The once-harmonious village of Sungai Batang is gradually consumed by the forces of modernity, leading to a breakdown in social cohesion and moral integrity. The arrival of the modern world, symbolized by the arrival of a new school and the influence of Western ideas, disrupts the established order. The traditional values of respect for elders, communal responsibility, and religious piety are challenged by the pursuit of individual ambition and material wealth. This conflict is vividly portrayed through the character of Ajo Kaba, who abandons his traditional role as a respected village elder to pursue personal gain, ultimately leading to his downfall.

The Hypocrisy of Religious Authority

Navis also critiques the hypocrisy of religious authority in the novel. The village's religious leader, Datuk, is presented as a figure who uses his position for personal advantage, exploiting the villagers' faith for his own benefit. He is shown to be more concerned with maintaining his power and prestige than with upholding the true principles of Islam. This hypocrisy is further exposed through the character of Mak Cik, who uses religion as a tool to manipulate and control others. The novel's portrayal of religious hypocrisy serves as a powerful indictment of the corruption that can infiltrate even the most sacred institutions.

The Impact of Social Inequality

The novel also explores the impact of social inequality on the lives of the villagers. The traditional social hierarchy, based on lineage and wealth, creates a system of privilege and oppression. The poor and marginalized are often exploited by the wealthy and powerful, while the system of justice favors those with influence. The character of Sutan Amir, a wealthy and influential figure, embodies the privilege and entitlement of the elite. His actions, driven by greed and a disregard for the well-being of others, highlight the destructive consequences of social inequality.

The Power of Education and Enlightenment

Despite the bleak portrayal of social and moral decay, Navis offers a glimmer of hope through the power of education and enlightenment. The novel's protagonist, Ajo Kaba's son, Sutan Amir, represents the potential for change. He is a young man who is educated and exposed to new ideas, and he ultimately chooses to reject the corrupt values of his father and embrace a more just and equitable society. The novel suggests that education and enlightenment can play a crucial role in challenging the status quo and fostering a more just and compassionate society.

A Call for Moral Renewal

"Robohnya Surau Kami" is a powerful indictment of the social and moral decay that plagued Indonesian society in the early 20th century. Through its vivid portrayal of the clash between tradition and modernity, the novel exposes the vulnerabilities and hypocrisies of its time. Navis's critique is not simply a condemnation of the past but a call for moral renewal. The novel reminds us that true progress requires a commitment to justice, equality, and the pursuit of a more just and compassionate society.