Tobacco Smoking and Liver Cancer Risk: Potential Avenues for Carcinogenesis

Tobacco smoking is a well-established risk factor for various types of cancer, including liver cancer (1). The carcinogenic mechanisms underlying tobacco-related liver cancer are complex and involve multiple pathways (2). Understanding these potential avenues for carcinogenesis is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies.

One of the key mechanisms by which tobacco smoking increases the risk of liver cancer is through the formation of carcinogenic compounds in tobacco smoke (3). These compounds can directly damage liver cells or indirectly promote chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are known to contribute to