Perkembangan Tingkatan Bahasa Sunda dalam Sastra Sunda Modern

The evolution of the Sundanese language in modern Sundanese literature is a fascinating journey that reflects the dynamic nature of language and its role in shaping cultural identity. From the traditional forms of Sundanese literature to the contemporary works that are emerging today, the language has undergone significant transformations, adapting to the changing social and cultural landscape. This article delves into the various stages of development of the Sundanese language in modern Sundanese literature, exploring the factors that have influenced its evolution and the impact it has had on the literary landscape.

The Influence of Traditional Forms

The foundation of modern Sundanese literature lies in the rich tradition of oral and written literature that has existed for centuries. Traditional forms like *pantun*, *wawacan*, and *dongeng* played a crucial role in shaping the language and its literary expression. These forms often employed a formal and poetic style, characterized by intricate rhyme schemes and a focus on storytelling and moral instruction. The use of classical Sundanese, a more formal and archaic form of the language, was prevalent in these works, contributing to their literary elegance and cultural significance.

The Emergence of Modern Sundanese

The advent of modern Sundanese literature in the early 20th century marked a significant shift in the use of the language. The influence of Western literary trends and the rise of nationalism led to a growing interest in using Sundanese as a medium for expressing contemporary themes and ideas. Writers like *R.A.A. Wiranatakusumah* and *S.M. Ardan* began to experiment with new literary forms and styles, incorporating elements of colloquial language and everyday speech into their works. This shift towards a more accessible and relatable language helped to broaden the appeal of Sundanese literature and connect it with a wider audience.

The Development of Regional Variations

As Sundanese literature continued to evolve, regional variations in language and style became more prominent. Different regions of West Java developed their own distinct dialects and literary traditions, reflecting the diverse cultural and linguistic landscape of the province. This regional diversity enriched the literary landscape, providing a platform for writers to explore the unique characteristics of their respective communities.

The Impact of Modernization

The rapid pace of modernization in the latter half of the 20th century had a profound impact on the Sundanese language and its use in literature. The influx of foreign words and concepts, the influence of mass media, and the growing use of Indonesian as the national language all contributed to the evolution of the language. While some writers embraced these changes, incorporating modern vocabulary and expressions into their works, others sought to preserve the traditional forms and styles of Sundanese literature.

The Future of Sundanese in Literature

The future of Sundanese in modern literature remains uncertain, but the language continues to be a vital part of Sundanese cultural identity. The challenges of globalization and the dominance of Indonesian as the national language have led to concerns about the preservation of Sundanese. However, there is a growing movement among writers and cultural activists to promote the use of Sundanese in literature and education. The development of new literary forms, the use of digital platforms, and the growing interest in Sundanese language and culture among younger generations all suggest that the language has a bright future ahead.

The evolution of the Sundanese language in modern Sundanese literature is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of language. From its traditional roots to its contemporary expressions, Sundanese has played a vital role in shaping the cultural identity of West Java. As the language continues to evolve, it will undoubtedly continue to inspire and enrich the literary landscape of the region.