The Paradox of Pacific Island Renewable Energy: High Governance, Low Penetration **

Introduction: This article explores the surprising disconnect between high governance preparedness and low renewable energy (RE) penetration in Pacific Island Developing States (PSIDS). Despite significant progress in RE governance and financial systems, RE installations remain limited, with hydropower and biomass dominating the landscape. Sections: ① FIMAGO Progress and RE Penetration: The study analyzes the combined RE FIBAACO progress indicator for 12 PSIDS, revealing a lack of correlation between high FIMAGO scores and significant RE penetration. While some islands like Tokelau demonstrate 100% RE production, others with high FIMAGO scores show minimal RE growth. ② The Role of Hydropower and Governance: Hydropower, a well-established technology in the Pacific, contributes significantly to RE capacity in some PSIDS. However, its centralized nature and reliance on government-led installations limit its applicability to smaller islands. Tokelau's successful transition to 100% RE highlights the importance of project-based refits and direct access to financial resources. ③ Financial and Governance Challenges: Despite increasing investment in ESG-themed projects, PSIDS face challenges in translating governance preparedness into substantial RE growth. The lack of significant RE penetration beyond hydropower and biomass, even in countries with high FIMAGO scores, suggests a need for more effective strategies to promote RE adoption. ④ The Need for a New Approach: The article concludes that the current approach to RE development in PSIDS needs reevaluation. While governance and financial systems are crucial, they are not sufficient to drive widespread RE adoption. A more nuanced approach that considers the unique challenges and opportunities of each island nation is necessary to achieve a sustainable energy transition. Conclusion:** The article highlights the complex interplay between governance, finance, and technology in the context of RE development in PSIDS. It emphasizes the need for a more holistic approach that addresses the specific needs and constraints of each island nation to unlock the full potential of RE and achieve a truly sustainable energy future.