Ketuhanan dalam Perspektif Islam: Mengapa Allah Tidak Memiliki Sifat Manusia

The concept of God, or Allah in Islamic terminology, is central to the faith. Understanding the nature of Allah is crucial for Muslims to develop a strong and meaningful relationship with their Creator. One of the most fundamental aspects of this understanding is the concept of Ketuhanan, which encompasses the attributes and characteristics of Allah. This article delves into the Islamic perspective on Ketuhanan, specifically exploring why Allah does not possess human attributes.

The Divine Essence and Human Limitations

The Islamic belief in Ketuhanan emphasizes the absolute transcendence of Allah. He is beyond human comprehension and cannot be confined to human limitations. This means that Allah does not have physical attributes like a body, senses, or emotions. He is not subject to the constraints of time, space, or matter. This understanding is rooted in the Quran, which states, "There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing." (Quran 42:11) This verse highlights the unique and incomparable nature of Allah, emphasizing His absolute difference from all creation.

The Concept of Tawhid and Its Implications

The Islamic doctrine of Tawhid, which asserts the oneness of Allah, further reinforces the idea that Allah does not possess human attributes. Tawhid emphasizes that Allah is the sole Creator, Sustainer, and Ruler of the universe. He is independent and self-sufficient, requiring nothing from His creation. Ascribing human attributes to Allah would contradict this fundamental principle of Tawhid, implying that He is dependent on something else for His existence or attributes.

The Importance of Avoiding Anthropomorphism

Attributing human characteristics to Allah, a practice known as anthropomorphism, is strictly prohibited in Islam. This is because it distorts the true nature of Allah and leads to a flawed understanding of His relationship with humanity. Anthropomorphism can lead to idolatry, where people worship images or representations of Allah, or to a limited and distorted view of His power and authority.

The Attributes of Allah: Perfect and Eternal

Instead of human attributes, Allah possesses divine attributes that are perfect and eternal. These attributes, such as knowledge, power, and mercy, are not limited by human constraints. They are infinite and unchanging, reflecting the absolute perfection and transcendence of Allah. Understanding these divine attributes allows Muslims to appreciate the true nature of Allah and to develop a deeper connection with Him.

The Significance of Ketuhanan in Islamic Practice

The understanding of Ketuhanan is crucial for various aspects of Islamic practice. It guides Muslims in their worship, their interactions with others, and their understanding of the world around them. For example, the concept of Ketuhanan informs the Islamic belief in prayer, where Muslims submit to Allah and seek His guidance. It also shapes the Islamic view of justice and compassion, emphasizing the importance of treating all beings with respect and dignity.

Conclusion

The Islamic concept of Ketuhanan emphasizes the absolute transcendence of Allah, highlighting His unique and incomparable nature. Allah does not possess human attributes, as this would contradict the fundamental principles of Tawhid and lead to anthropomorphism. Instead, He possesses divine attributes that are perfect and eternal, reflecting His absolute perfection and transcendence. Understanding Ketuhanan is essential for Muslims to develop a strong and meaningful relationship with their Creator, guiding their worship, their interactions with others, and their understanding of the world around them.