Perbedaan Mad Wajib Muttasil dan Mad Jaiz Munfasil dalam Ilmu Tajwid

The art of Tajwid is a beautiful aspect of the Quranic recitation, enhancing the spiritual experience and ensuring the correct pronunciation of Arabic words. Among the many rules of Tajwid, the concept of Mad (elongation) holds a significant place. Two types of Mad, namely Mad Wajib Muttasil and Mad Jaiz Munfasil, are often discussed due to their unique characteristics and application. This article aims to shed light on the differences between these two types of Mad in Ilmu Tajwid.

Understanding Mad Wajib Muttasil

Mad Wajib Muttasil, also known as the obligatory connected prolongation, is a rule of Tajwid that applies when a word ending with a harf Maddah (a letter that causes elongation, such as Alif, Ya, or Waw) is followed by a word starting with a hamzah within the same verse. In such cases, the reciter is required to elongate the pronunciation of the harf Maddah for four or five counts. This elongation is obligatory, and the reciter must not shorten it, hence the term "Wajib" (obligatory).

The Application of Mad Wajib Muttasil

The application of Mad Wajib Muttasil is quite straightforward. For instance, in the verse "Ar-Rahman, 'Allamal Quran" (The Most Merciful, Who has taught the Quran), the word "Ar-Rahman" ends with an Alif (a harf Maddah), and the following word "'Allamal" begins with a hamzah. Therefore, the reciter must elongate the pronunciation of the Alif in "Ar-Rahman" for four or five counts.

Defining Mad Jaiz Munfasil

On the other hand, Mad Jaiz Munfasil, also known as the permissible separate prolongation, applies when a word ending with a harf Maddah is at the end of a verse, and the following verse begins with a hamzah. In this case, the reciter has the option to elongate the pronunciation of the harf Maddah for two, four, or six counts. This elongation is not obligatory, and the reciter can choose the length of the elongation based on their comfort and the rhythm of their recitation, hence the term "Jaiz" (permissible).

The Application of Mad Jaiz Munfasil

The application of Mad Jaiz Munfasil can be seen in the verse "Maa liqi yawmid-diin, Iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'een" (Master of the Day of Judgment, You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help). Here, the word "diin" ends with a Ya (a harf Maddah), and the following verse begins with a hamzah in "Iyyaka". Therefore, the reciter has the option to elongate the pronunciation of the Ya in "diin" for two, four, or six counts.

In conclusion, while both Mad Wajib Muttasil and Mad Jaiz Munfasil involve the elongation of the pronunciation of a harf Maddah, they differ in their application and the degree of flexibility they offer to the reciter. Understanding these differences is crucial for mastering the art of Tajwid and enhancing one's Quranic recitation.