Tradisi dan Filosofi Sarung Suku Tengger: Sebuah Kajian Antropologi

The Tengger people, inhabiting the slopes of Mount Bromo in East Java, Indonesia, possess a rich cultural heritage deeply intertwined with their unique traditions and beliefs. Among these, the sarung, a traditional garment worn by both men and women, holds a significant place, embodying not only practical utility but also profound philosophical and spiritual meanings. This article delves into the traditions and philosophy surrounding the Tengger sarung, exploring its historical significance, symbolic representations, and its role in shaping the Tengger identity.

The Historical Significance of the Sarung

The Tengger sarung, woven from locally sourced cotton, has been an integral part of their daily life for centuries. Its origins can be traced back to the Majapahit era, a powerful Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that ruled over much of Java from the 13th to the 15th centuries. The Tengger people, descendants of the Majapahit aristocracy, inherited this tradition, preserving it through generations. The sarung served as a practical garment, providing protection from the elements and serving as a symbol of social status. The intricate patterns and colors woven into the fabric reflected the wearer's social standing and family lineage.

The Symbolic Representations of the Sarung

Beyond its practical uses, the Tengger sarung carries profound symbolic meanings. The color of the sarung, often a deep indigo or brown, represents the earth, symbolizing the Tengger people's connection to their ancestral land. The intricate patterns woven into the fabric, often depicting floral motifs or geometric designs, represent the interconnectedness of life and the harmony of the natural world. The sarung is also seen as a symbol of modesty and respect, reflecting the Tengger people's values of humility and reverence for tradition.

The Sarung in Tengger Rituals

The Tengger sarung plays a crucial role in various rituals and ceremonies. During the annual Yadnya Kasada festival, a major religious event dedicated to the Hindu deity Brahma, the Tengger people wear their finest sarungs, adorned with intricate patterns and vibrant colors. The sarung serves as a symbol of reverence and devotion, signifying the connection between the Tengger people and their spiritual beliefs. The sarung is also used in other rituals, such as weddings and funerals, signifying the transition from one stage of life to another.

The Sarung as a Symbol of Tengger Identity

The Tengger sarung is more than just a garment; it is a powerful symbol of Tengger identity. It represents their history, their beliefs, and their connection to their ancestral land. The sarung serves as a tangible reminder of their cultural heritage and a source of pride for the Tengger people. By preserving the tradition of wearing the sarung, the Tengger people ensure the continuity of their cultural legacy and maintain their unique identity in the face of modernization and globalization.

The Tengger sarung, a seemingly simple garment, embodies a rich tapestry of traditions, beliefs, and cultural values. Its historical significance, symbolic representations, and role in Tengger rituals highlight its profound importance in shaping the Tengger identity. The sarung serves as a tangible reminder of their ancestral heritage and a source of pride for the Tengger people, ensuring the continuity of their cultural legacy for generations to come.