5. Diketahui permintaan akan suatu komoditas dicerminkan oleh Qd=80-4P =80-4P sedangkan penawarannya Qs=-100+10P Tentukanlah : a. Keseimbangan pasar yang terbentuk! b. Jika pemerintah memberikan tariff subsidi sebesar Rp 4;I unit komoditi. tentukanlah: 1) Berapa harga dan kuantitas keseimbangan yang baru setelah adanya subsidi? 2) Berapa tarif subsidi yang diterima oleh produsen? 3) Berapa tarif subsidi yang diterima oleh konsumen? 4) Berapa tarif subsidi yang dikeluarkan oleh Pemerintah?

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5. Diketahui permintaan akan suatu komoditas dicerminkan oleh Qd=80-4P =80-4P sedangkan penawarannya Qs=-100+10P Tentukanlah : a. Keseimbangan pasar yang terbentuk! b. Jika pemerintah memberikan tariff subsidi sebesar Rp 4;I unit komoditi. tentukanlah: 1) Berapa harga dan kuantitas keseimbangan yang baru setelah adanya subsidi? 2) Berapa tarif subsidi yang diterima oleh produsen? 3) Berapa tarif subsidi yang diterima oleh konsumen? 4) Berapa tarif subsidi yang dikeluarkan oleh Pemerintah?

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Answer 1

a. By setting Qd = Qs (80-4P = -100 + 10P), we solve the equation and got P=12, Q=32. So, the equilibrium price is 12 with a quantity of 32.
b. Recalculate equilibrium with new subsidy:
1) We substitute Qd=Qs1. 80 - 4P = -96 + 10P. We got a new equilibrium at P=10.4 and Q=36. Hence, after subsidy, equilibrium price per unit becomes 10.4 with quantity 36.
2) Tariff subsidy received by producer per unit of commodity is the difference of Price pre and post subsidy. Hence, it equals 12 - 10.4 = 1.6 units.
3) Likewise, tariff subsidy for consumers = Price_before_subsidy - Price_after_subsidy = 12-10.4 = 1.6 units.
4) As for the government subsidy tariff: total disbursements = subsidy_per_item * total_items = 1.6 * 36 = 57.6 units.

Answer 2

To determine the market equilibrium, we'll set the quantity demand (Qd) and quantity supplied (Qs) equal to each other. When these equal each other, that's our equilibrium point.
1) Setting Qd=Qs will give us equilibrium price (P) and equilibrium quantity (Q).
2) Government subsidy of 4 units will shift the supply curve. Essentially, for every Q, cost is lowered by the subsidy amount (4). To represent it mathematically, we'll subtract 4 from Qs giving us Qs1=-96 + 10P. This is our new supply curve with the subsidy.
3) Re-calculating the equilibrium point using Qs1=Qd instead of Qs=Qd.
4) To figure out the received subsides, be mindful that subsidies effectively lower the production cost or sell price. Consumers bear part of it via reduction in product price, and some are borne by suppliers in addition to their price. To usually be the case, profits enjoyed by a Supplier=actual selling price - production price. Same concept applies to consumer, tariff_received= cost price - actual_buy_price.

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