What are common depression symptoms in the DSM-5 criteria of a major depressive episode? How many symptoms are required and for how long must symptoms be present? 183

Symptoms i. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day ii. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day iii. Significant change in appetite iv. Insomnia or hypersomnia v. Fatigue or loss of energy vi. Psychomotor agitation vii. Feelings of worthlessness/guilt viii. Diminished concentration ix. Suicidal thoughts. At least 5 symptoms are required, and 1 must be depressed mood or loss of interest. These symptoms must be present during the same 2 week period.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), outlines the criteria for diagnosing a major depressive episode. The symptoms must be present for a significant duration and must meet specific criteria. According to the DSM-5, a major depressive episode is characterized by the presence of at least five symptoms, which must be present for a duration of two weeks. These symptoms include a depressed mood, diminished interest or pleasure in activities, significant change in appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue or loss of energy, psychomotor agitation, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and diminished concentration.