E. Research Instrument The main instrument in this research is the researcher supported by tools such as: 1. Observation sheets to record dialogues and actions of the main characters. 2. Data categorization based on theories: Characterization theory (M.H. Abrams, 2008) Conflict theory McDougal (Littell, 2008 Speech act theory Austin (Ginocchio, 2006)

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E. Research Instrument The main instrument in this research is the researcher supported by tools such as: 1. Observation sheets to record dialogues and actions of the main characters. 2. Data categorization based on theories: Characterization theory (M.H. Abrams, 2008) Conflict theory McDougal (Littell, 2008 Speech act theory Austin (Ginocchio, 2006)

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This section describes the research instruments used. The researcher is the primary instrument, employing several tools for data collection and analysis:

1. Observation Sheets: These sheets are used to systematically record the dialogues and actions of the main characters in the research. This ensures a detailed and organized record of the observed behavior. The structure of the observation sheets should be clearly defined to ensure consistency and reliability in data collection. For example, the sheets might include columns for time, character, dialogue, action, and any relevant observations.

2. Data Categorization based on Theories: The collected data (dialogues and actions) will be analyzed using three theoretical frameworks:

* Characterization Theory (M.H. Abrams, 2008): This theory will be used to analyze the portrayal of characters, examining their traits, motivations, and development throughout the research. Specific aspects of characterization, such as direct and indirect characterization, will be considered.

* Conflict Theory (McDougal, as cited in Littell, 2008): This framework will be used to identify and analyze the conflicts present in the research data. This could involve examining the types of conflict (e.g., internal vs. external, interpersonal, societal), the causes of conflict, and the resolution (or lack thereof).

* Speech Act Theory (Austin, as cited in Ginocchio, 2006): This theory will be applied to analyze the communicative acts within the dialogues. This involves identifying the illocutionary force (the intended meaning) of utterances and how they contribute to the overall interaction and conflict. The analysis might consider aspects like performative utterances, assertive acts, directives, commissives, and expressives.

The use of multiple theoretical frameworks allows for a multifaceted analysis of the data, providing a richer and more nuanced understanding of the research subject. The researcher should clearly define how each theory will be applied to the data and how the findings from each framework will be integrated. The reliability and validity of the data analysis will depend on the rigorous application of these theoretical frameworks.

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