TEXTA Carbon capture most commonly refers to the process of removing carbon dioxide from various sources like the chimney of power plants running on fossil fuels. Capture also refers to removing carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. Across Europe, there are more than a dozen direct air capture facilities. They use fan-like machines to filter out carbon dioxide from the air. The cap tured gas is then heated and pumped underground. Another company sprays a basic chemical to bind and draw down the carbon dioxide from the air. "There is also the capture of carbon dioxide from the oceans." says Atwater, professor at the California Institute of Technology. People should seriously take those technologies as a solution to combat climate change. However, simply putting extra carbon underground makes the effort less sustainable unless there is an economic benefit. Fossil fuels combined with oxygen undergo a combustion reaction in our cars to produce carbon dioxide and water. Many scientists have been thinking of running that reaction backward, i.e. taking carbon dioxide with water and turning it back into fuel and oxygen. This idea is already well underway. Atwater is part of the Department of Energy-sponsored Liquid Sunlight Alliance, whose goals is to figure out how to use solar energy to drive that backward reaction. A big bonus of this method would be the ability to reuse fuel for those tricky-todecarbonise industries like flight, shipping, and steel production. TEXTB Kerosene is the fuel of choice for the flight industry, a sector responsible for around 5 percent of human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. Finding a replacement is hard because kerosene is packed with so much energy. In 2015, researchers showed that an outdoor system could produce kerosene with three simple ingredients: sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water vapour. Solar kerosene could replace petroleum-derived jet fuel in airplanes. It can also help stabilize greenhouse gas emissions. Burning solar-derived kerosene releases carbon dioxide, but only as much as is used to make it, says Aldo Steinfeld, an engineer at ETH Zurich. "That makes the fuel carbon neutral, especially if we use carbon dioxide cap tured directly from the air." Steinfeld and his teams synthesized solar kerosene in the laboratory. They use 169 mirrors to focus sunlight into a reactor. The reactor supplies carbon dioxide and water vapour for the chemical reaction. The reactor converted about 4 percent of the solar energy into roughly a litter of kerosene per day. For context, a Boeing 747 airplane consumes around 19.000 litters of fuel during take-off and ascent The researchers said that improving the reactor's efficiency to more than 20 percent can make it economically practical. This can be done by recovering unused heat. Pertanyaan no : 40 The word "This" in TextB Paragraph 2 refers to.... A. producing solar kerosene B. improving the reactor's efficiency C. focusing sunlight into the reactor D. reducing fuel consump tion in Boeing 747 E. supplying carbon dioxide and water vapour inside the reactor